The U.S. this week sanctioned firms and people involved in making drones and transferring them from Iran to Russia, including an Iranian producer and two United Arab Emirates entities. The designations come less than a month after the U.S. said it was considering additional sanctions on both Russia and Iran following Iranian sales and operation of drones in Ukraine (see 2210210046).
The EU added another 10 individuals and one entity to its sanctions regime pertaining to the use of chemical weapons, the European Council said in a Nov. 14 news release. The additions are connected to the poisoning of Russia's leading opposition leader Alexei Navalny and include high-level officials at the Russian Federal Security Service and Russian chemical weapons experts. The added entity is MHD Nazier Houranieh & Sons, which provides the Syrian Studies and Research Center with materials to make chemical weapons delivery systems.
The U.K.'s Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation in a series of four notices amended various entries under its sanctions regimes pertaining to North Korea, Myanmar, Russia and Global Human Rights.
The Office of Foreign Assets Control and the State Department issued sanctions against 14 individuals, 28 entities and eight aircraft that are part of a transnational network procuring technology supporting the Russian military-industrial complex and a network of financial facilitators, OFAC said in a Nov. 14 news release.
The U.K.'s Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation on Nov. 10 released its annual review for 2021-2022. OFSI said in the review that from Feb. 22 to Oct. 22 this year, more than $21.4 billion in frozen funds were reported to OFSI as being held on behalf of sanctioned parties under the Russia sanctions regime. That's up from nearly $52 million in September 2021. OFSI received 236 reports of sanctions breaches, issued two monetary penalties and issued warning letters and "other enforcement action where appropriate." The report said OFSI had issued 33 general licenses related to its Russia sanctions regime by Aug. 24 and issued 42 new and 107 amended specific licenses across its nine sanctions regimes, with most relating to Libya sanctions. OFSI, with 45 staff at the beginning of the year, will reach 100 employees by year's end, the review said.
The European Commission last week amended two frequently asked questions under its Russia sanctions regime guidance. Under its asset freeze FAQs, the commission added FAQ 15, which says voting rights by shareholders with qualifying holdings in an EU ban should be viewed as an intangible economic resource given that they can be used to obtain funds, goods or services. Under the oil imports FAQ section, the commission added FAQ 2, which includes information on imports into the EU or the purchase or transfer of goods that originate in a third country but are mixed during transport with goods that originate in Russia.
The U.K.'s High Court of Justice in a Nov. 4 judgment adjourned a trial between VTB Commodities Trading and Petraco Oil over the delivery of oil cargo, according to a Nov. 8 post on the EU Sanctions blog. The U.K. sanctioned VTB in February, leading it to submit an application for a license to pay legal fees for the proceeding. The Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation failed to process the application eight months after submission, leading VTB to apply to adjourn the trial that was set for May, given that the company could not make the legal payments. In the meantime, OFSI issued a General License over the provision of legal services under the Russia sanctions regime. The High Court considered the license, then adjourned the trial. The court said the trial should be resolved "in part because of the time required to obtain OFSI licences," ordering VTB to apply to OFSI for a license to cover adverse costs liability in the proceeding and to cover other costs not covered by the General License.
Russia's largest ports have seen freight volumes tank due to the EU's sanctions on Moscow, according to research from Vincent Stamer, an expert at the Kiel Institute for the World Economy. The St. Petersburg port saw an 85% plummet in container throughput in 2022 vs. 2021, with Stamer saying few containers are arriving at what used to be Russia's busiest port, Bloomberg reported. The Kiel Institute, a German economic think tank, showed that Russia brought in 24% fewer goods per month from June through August, compared with the same period last year, leaving a $4.5 billion monthly import gap.
The Congressional Research Service issued a report this month on Iran’s transfer of weapons to Russia for use in Ukraine, detailing the specific items that may have been sent and possible next steps for the U.S. The report noted Congress may look to push for more sanctions against any person or entity involved in the sales and is considering the Stop Iranian Drones Act, which would clarify U.S. sanctions policy on Iranian efforts to acquire unmanned drones. The House passed the bill in April (see 2204280007, 2112010019 and 2211020033).
The Internal Revenue Service’s Criminal Investigation division has identified nearly 50 people and entities for potential Russia-related sanctions violations as of September, the agency said in its annual report released last week. The division said it has worked as a “key player” in U.S. sanctions-related enforcement efforts against Russia, and its report includes several case examples of sanctions investigations, including its efforts that led to the September indictment of Viktor Zelinger, an alleged leader of an Eastern European organized crime syndicate linked to “high-level Russian mafia members.” An IRS official told reporters during a news conference last week that the agency has so far opened 20 criminal investigations into Russian sanctions evasion attempts, according to The Wall Street Journal.